The Tragedy of the Commons

Research Publication

Discusses pressures on shared resources under individually motivated use and argues for social arrangements addressing collective resource-management problems. Authors: Garrett Hardin Year: 1968 Venue: Science Research topics: Common-pool resources; collective action; resource governance; environmental policy DOI / identifier status: 10.1126/science.162.3859.1243 Open text / access status: https://www.garretthardinsociety.org/articles/art_tragedy_of_the_commons.html Historical theoretical essay. Its assumptions and policy arguments should be distinguished from later empirical evidence and alternative approaches to commons governance. Reference: https://www.garretthardinsociety.org/articles/art_tragedy_of_the_commons.html Curation scope: edition-aware bibliographic consistency and thematic learning associations. A publisher catalogue link or verified DOI does not by itself imply unrestricted full-text access.

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